With such a global epidemic of obesity, the prevalence of OHS is likely to increase. Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with the syndrome, it is
often unrecognized and treatment is frequently delayed. A high index of suspicion can lead to early recognition of the syndrome and initiation of appropriate therapy. The treatment options other than PAP have been poorly studied, and further research is needed to better understand the long-term treatment outcomes of patients with OHS. For the time being, clinicians should encourage adherence to PAP therapy in order to prevent the serious adverse outcomes of untreated OHS. Weight-reduction surgery or tracheostomy, with or without pharmacotherapy with respiratory stimulants, should be considered in cases of PAP failure. Further research is needed to better understand the
pathophysiology, discover newer PAP modalities, explore non-PAP treatment options, and improve long-term treatment outcomes of patients with OHS.
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